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電火花(hua)加(jia)工(gong)方法由前(qian)蘇聯的(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)拉(la)扎連柯夫婦(fu)于(yu)1943年發(fa)明的(de)(de)(de)(de)。拉(la)扎連柯生(sheng)于(yu)1910年。1929年起(qi)他在(zai)頓巴斯冶金工(gong)廠當鍛工(gong)，1931年至1936年是莫斯科國(guo)立(li)羅蒙諾索夫大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng) 。1935年起(qi)就在(zai)全蘇列寧電工(gong)技術研究(jiu)所(suo)開(kai)始了研究(jiu)工(gong)作，畢業論文(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)題目是研究(jiu)引起(qi)觸(chu)點(dian)材料破壞的(de)(de)(de)(de)原因及尋找消除(chu)方法。這是他人生(sheng)道路的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)折點(dian) 。當時，隨著電氣(qi)化和自動(dong)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa) 展，觸(chu)點(dian)材料被電腐蝕而(er)破壞的(de)(de)(de)(de)現象日趨嚴(yan)重，為(wei)此，人們千方百(bai)計地與(yu)這種有(you)害現象作斗爭。年輕(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)拉(la)扎連柯以(yi)極大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)勇氣(qi)和銳敏的(de)(de)(de)(de)洞察力，打破常規，克(ke)服(fu)了學(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)們認為(wei)電腐蝕是有(you)害現象的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統習慣思

一、判斷題(ti)：（共(gong)10題(ti)，每題(ti)2分(fen)，共(gong)計20分(fen)）1. 火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)花機設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)操(cao)作(zuo)人員安(an)全(quan)(quan)保護用品未佩帶齊(qi)全(quan)(quan)，嚴(yan)禁操(cao)作(zuo)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)。 ( √ )2. 火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)花機設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)操(cao)作(zuo)工開機前應進(jin)(jin)行設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)狀態檢查(cha)，存在小故障(zhang)不(bu)影響正常(chang)開機生產。 ( X )3. 火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)花機設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)出現緊急(ji)(ji)情(qing)況(kuang)時應按下急(ji)(ji)停(ting)開關，立即通知設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)維(wei)修工進(jin)(jin)行處(chu)理。 ( √ )4. 火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)花機設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)防(fang)護裝(zhuang)置在任(ren)何(he)情(qing)況(kuang)下嚴(yan)禁拆(chai)卸、毀(hui)損、短接或挪作(zuo)它(ta) ( √ )5. 火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)花機設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)外觀要保持清潔，漆見本色鐵見光。 ( √ )6. 火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)花機設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)潤滑(hua)、油(you)液加(jia)(jia)(jia)注(zhu)口有相應標示，張貼油(you)液加(jia)(jia)(jia)注(zhu)量和加(jia)(jia)(jia)注(zhu)的(de)品牌(pai)規(gui)格。 ( √ )7. 火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)花機設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工工件完成后鐵

火花機的(de)工作原理：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源提(ti)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)給各用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)元件。同時(shi)通過其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)調整(zheng)器（內含高頻振蕩電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，用來產(chan)生高頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)）調整(zheng)其(qi)工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，并經高壓(ya)(ya)變壓(ya)(ya)器變壓(ya)(ya)后(hou)，提(ti)供(gong)給試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)（鏈珠）高頻高壓(ya)(ya)。需(xu)要指出的(de)是(shi)試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)處的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)雖(sui)然(ran)很高，但(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)卻很小(xiao)（一般在(zai)(zai)50mA以下）。當(dang)(dang)被測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線經過試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)時(shi)：如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線絕緣性(xing)良(liang)好，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線中會(hui)產(chan)生穩定(ding)的(de)感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，不存在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)差；但(dan)當(dang)(dang)絕緣層(ceng)出現缺陷時(shi)（如：漏(lou)銅、有氣孔(kong)、嚴重偏心等），高頻高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)就會(hui)對金屬導體放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（這是(shi)高頻高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)特性(xing)）。因電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)很小(xiao)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)將會(hui)極(ji)劇減小(xiao)。產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)差。這時(shi)擊穿(chuan)檢測就會(hui)將其(qi)

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)火(huo)(huo)花的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)方式已經有一定(ding)的(de)(de)歷(li)史了，并(bing)不是最新的(de)(de)工(gong)藝，但和鍛打，冶金相比電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)火(huo)(huo)花并(bing)不算古老，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)火(huo)(huo)花加(jia)(jia)工(gong)就(jiu)是利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)與工(gong)件(jian)(jian)之間在通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)時(shi)候產(chan)生火(huo)(huo)花（因(yin)為是正負極(ji)直接接觸，產(chan)生短(duan)路），所(suo)產(chan)生的(de)(de)瞬時(shi)間的(de)(de)高(gao)溫，去一層(ceng)(ceng)一層(ceng)(ceng)蝕除掉工(gong)件(jian)(jian)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)接觸的(de)(de)表面(mian)，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)周(zhou)圍的(de)(de)材料不斷減(jian)少的(de)(de)原理。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)火(huo)(huo)花這(zhe)種(zhong)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)工(gong)藝，通常(chang)適用于相對硬度比較高(gao)的(de)(de)，并(bing)且材料必須具備(bei)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性的(de)(de)零件(jian)(jian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)，一般的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)火(huo)(huo)花機(ji)因(yin)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)要(yao)蝕掉一層(ceng)(ceng)再下降一層(ceng)(ceng)，方可與工(gong)件(jian)(jian)再次接近，也才可產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)火(huo)(huo)花，所(suo)以通常(chang)因(yin)為下降精度要(yao)求有些高(gao)，使(shi)用的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)火(huo)(huo)花機(ji)，基本(ben)上都(dou)是數控電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)火(huo)(huo)

目前(qian)，應(ying)(ying)用在(zai)機械制造行業的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)機床(chuang)大致可分為數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)床(chuang)、數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)加工(gong)中(zhong)心(xin)、數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)車床(chuang)、數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)磨(mo)床(chuang)、數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)線切割機床(chuang)等(deng)，下面簡要(yao)介紹數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)床(chuang)和(he)加工(gong)中(zhong)心(xin)的(de)(de)分類。一、數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)床(chuang)的(de)(de)類型數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)床(chuang)可加工(gong)各種具(ju)有(you)平面輪廓和(he)立體曲面的(de)(de)零(ling)件。數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)床(chuang)還(huan)可以進行鉆(zhan)、擴(kuo)、鉸(jiao)、鏜孔和(he)攻螺紋等(deng)加工(gong)。數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)床(chuang)分為立式數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)床(chuang)（圖(tu) 3-1）和(he)臥式數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)床(chuang)（圖(tu) 3-2）兩種。數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)床(chuang)有(you) 2 軸(zhou)(zhou)聯(lian)動(dong)、3 軸(zhou)(zhou)聯(lian)動(dong)、4 軸(zhou)(zhou)聯(lian)動(dong)和(he)5 軸(zhou)(zhou)聯(lian)動(dong)等(deng)不(bu)同檔次，現(xian)在(zai)應(ying)(ying)用最廣泛的(de)(de)是 3 軸(zhou)(zhou)聯(lian)動(dong)的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)床(chuang)，4 軸(zhou)(zhou)聯(lian)動(dong)和(he) 5 軸(zhou)(zhou)聯(lian)動(dong)的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)床(chuang)一般都應(ying)(ying)用于(yu)軍工(gong)、汽車和(he)航(hang)天工(gong)業。二、加工(gong)中(zhong)心(xin)的(de)(de)

大(da)家(jia)對五(wu)(wu)(wu)軸(zhou)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)并不(bu)陌生吧(ba)，五(wu)(wu)(wu)軸(zhou)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)也可以(yi)叫(jiao)做五(wu)(wu)(wu)軸(zhou)聯動加(jia)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)，五(wu)(wu)(wu)軸(zhou)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)是一種技術含量很高(gao)的(de)設(she)備(bei)，而且它的(de)精(jing)(jing)密度極高(gao)，不(bu)是一般(ban)的(de)數控機床能夠比(bi)(bi)擬的(de)，五(wu)(wu)(wu)軸(zhou)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)專門用于(yu)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)復雜(za)曲(qu)面(mian)類(lei)(lei)工(gong)(gong)件，比(bi)(bi)如：飛機的(de)渦輪(lun)發動機的(de)葉片、葉輪(lun)、船用螺(luo)旋(xuan)槳等(deng)復雜(za)曲(qu)面(mian)類(lei)(lei)工(gong)(gong)件，也是解決這些復雜(za)曲(qu)面(mian)類(lei)(lei)工(gong)(gong)件的(de)唯一手段。五(wu)(wu)(wu)軸(zhou)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)系統(tong)對一個國(guo)家(jia)的(de)核(he)心(xin)(xin)(xin)行業(ye)有(you)著(zhu)(zhu)巨大(da)的(de)影響力，比(bi)(bi)如國(guo)防軍(jun)事、科(ke)研、精(jing)(jing)密機械、航(hang)空、航(hang)天、高(gao)精(jing)(jing)密醫療設(she)備(bei)等(deng)國(guo)家(jia)核(he)心(xin)(xin)(xin)行業(ye)有(you)著(zhu)(zhu)舉足輕(qing)重的(de)影響力。下面(mian)就讓我(wo)們一起(qi)來了(le)解一下五(wu)(wu)(wu)軸(zhou)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)類(lei)(lei)型吧(ba)。五(wu)(wu)(wu)軸(zhou)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)